![]() ![]() In India, vehicular pollution is estimated to have increased eight times over the last two decades. This means that coal reserves are available up to 2112, and will be the only fossil fuel remaining after 2042. The new formula is modified from the Klass model and thus assumes a continuous compound rate and computes fossil fuel reserve depletion times for oil, coal and gas of approximately 35, 107 and 37 years, respectively. A new formula for calculating, when fossil fuel reserves are likely to be depleted, is presented along with an econometrics model to demonstrate the relationship between fossil fuel reserves and some main variables ( Shahriar Shafiee et.al. The size of fossil fuel reserves and the dilemma that when non-renewable energy will be diminished, is a fundamental and doubtful question that needs to be answered. After exploration and initial growth in output, production plateaus and eventually declines to zero.Ĭrude oil, coal and gas are the main resources for world energy supply. Large fields are discovered first, small ones later. He illustrated the projection with a bell shaped Hubert Curve based on the availability and its consumptions of the fossil fuel. ![]() He also described that other countries may attain peak oil day within 20-30 years and many more may suffer with oil crises within 40 years, when oil wells are going to dry. In 1956, an US based Chief consultant and oil geologist Marion King Hubert, (1956) predicted that if oil is consumed with high rate, US oil production may peak in 1970 and thereafter it will decline. Global warming in today’s scenario is threat to the survival of mankind. Alternative technologies have been called for repeatedly, seemingly falling upon deaf ears or, cynically, upon those who don’t want to make substantial changes as it challenge their bottom line and reduces their current profits. Although since decades, scientists and environmentalists have been warning that the way we are using Earth’s resources is not sustainable. Past decade, according to Scientists in 48 Countries, it was recorded warmest time phase during meeting of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), on July 28, 2010. Some of the prominent indicators for a global warming are detailed below: A warming planet thus leads to climate changes which can adversely affect weather in different ways. Global warming primarily caused by increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), Nitrous oxide (NO X), Sulphur dioxide (SO 2), Hydrogen etc. Forecasts indicate that major storms could devastate New York City in next decade whereas Gulf countries will get affected badly well before. This may cause huge changes to our civilization, both positive and negative, but the total impact on our society is currently very uncertain. Emissions of carbon dioxide due to our use of fossil energy will change the climate and the temperature is estimated to increase by 2 to 6 o Celsius within year 2100, which is a tremendous increase from our current average temperature of 1.7 o Celsius as predicted by IPCC. The climate change, caused by rising emissions of carbon dioxide from vehicles, factories and power stations, will not only effects the atmosphere and the sea but also will alter the geology of the Earth. Natural events and human activities are believed to be main contributors to such increases in average global temperatures. All of these cases of mass animal death are either happening for unknown reason, or we've figured out the reason, but not the reason for its severity.Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Even when the cause of a die-off is known, such as regular sardine busts or the Mongolian zud mass death, we don't know why it's even worse than normal. And few things are more unsettling than looking out to see flocks of birds falling from the sky, or pods of whales flopping around on a beach slowly dying. Others involve thousands or even millions of animal deaths, with thick carpets of fish or shrimp washing up on beaches. ![]() Some have been isolated mass suicides, happening in animals that don't even know how to commit suicide. Just in the the past decade, there have been huge, mass deaths of fish, squid, birds, animals, and amphibians. With climate change altering the environment, these unexplained animal deaths are becoming more common. For mysterious reasons, thousands of animals of all types either die or kill themselves jumping by off cliffs or washing up on shore. Mass animal deaths are one of the strangest phenomenon in the natural world. ![]()
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